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Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết | Các thì trong tiếng Anh

Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết


1. Khái niệm Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng cho các hành động đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc một hành động khác trong quá khứ. Hành động nào xảy ra trước thì dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Hành động xảy ra sau thì dùng thì quá khứ đơn.

Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết

2. Cách dùng Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả:

a. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ

Eg: By 2 o’clock we had had lunch. (Chúng tôi đã ăn trưa trước 2h.)

b. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ

Eg: When I got up this morning, my father had already gone to work.

(Sáng nay, khi tôi ngủ dậy, bố tôi đã đi làm rồi.)

c. Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ

Eg: By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for 5 years.

(Lúc tôi gặp cậu, tôi đã làm việc cho công ty đó được 5 năm rồi.)

d. Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác

Eg: I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well.

(Tôi đã chuẩn bị cho kì thi và sẵn sàng làm tốt nó.)

e. Vế giả thiết trong câu điều kiện loại III (điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ)

Eg: If I had known that, I would have acted differently.

(Nếu tôi biết điều đó, tôi đã hành xử khác.)

3. Cấu trúc Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Khẳng định (+) S + had + VpII

I had left my wallet at home.

(Tôi đã để quên ví ở nhà.)
Phủ định (-) S + had not/ hadn’t + VpII

They hadn’t cleaned the house for weeks

(Họ đã không lau dọn nhà mấy tuần rồi.)
Nghi vấn (?) (Từ để hỏi) + had + S + VpII?

Where had he put his wallet?

(Anh ấy đã để ví ở đâu?)

4. Cách thêm “-ed” vào động từ Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Động từ nguyên thể Cách chuyển Ví dụ
Động từ kết thúc tận cùng: e; ee Thêm “d”

Live – lived (sống)

Agree – agreed (đồng ý)
Động từ kết thúc là nguyên âm + phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y) Gấp đôi phụ âm và thêm “ed”

Fit – fitted (phù hợp)

Stop – stopped (ngừng)
Động từ kết thúc là phụ âm + y Đổi “y” thành “i” và thêm “ed”

Study – studied (học)

Try – tried (thử)
Động từ còn lại Thêm “-ed”

Work – worked (làm việc)

Learn – learned (học)

5. Cách phát âm động từ đuôi “ed”

Đọc là /id/ khi động từ kết thúc là /t/ hoặc /d/

Wanted /ˈwɑːntɪd/

Added /ædɪd/
Đọc là /t/ khi động từ kết thúc là các phụ âm vô thanh: /s/, /f/, /p/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/ và những động từ có từ phát âm cuối là “s”

Picked /pɪkt/

Hoped /hoʊpt/
Đọc là /id/ với các động từ còn lại

Cried /kraɪd/: Khóc

Smiled /smaɪld/: Cười

6. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Dựa vào các trạng từ sau đây và ngữ cảnh:

• Until then

• By the time

• Prior to that time

• Before

• After

• As soon as

• By the end of + thời gian trong quá khứ …….

Eg: They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken.

(Họ về nhà sau khi đã ăn một con gà quay lớn.)

7. Bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Exercise 1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành

0. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we had built (build).

1. He ______ (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.

2. When she went out to play, she ______ (do / already) her homework.

3. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum _____ (make) .

4. The doctor took off the plaster that he ______ (put on) six weeks before.

5. The waiter brought a drink that I _______ (not / order).

1. had not been

2. had already done

3. had made

4. had put on

5. had not ordered

Exercise 2. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

0. They (come) came back home after they (finish) had finished their work.

1. She said that she (meet) ……………………. Mr. Bean before.

2. Before he (go) ……………….. to bed, he (read) …………………… a novel.

3. He told me he (not/wear) ………………………… such kind of clothes before.

4. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ………………………………….

5. Before she (listen) ………….. to music, she (do)…… ………. her homework.

6. Last night, Peter (go) ……….. to the supermarket before he (go) ……… home.

1. had met

2. went – had read

3. hadn’t worn

4. had started

5. listened – had done

6. had gone – went

Exercise 3. Chọn đáp án đúng.

0. They (cycle) in the morning so their legs were sore in the evening.

A. Had been cycle

B. Had been cycling

C. Had cycled

D. Had been cycled

1. I (not / work) all day; so I wasn’t tired and went to the disco at night.

A. Had not been working

B. Had worked

C. Had not worked

D. Had not been worked

2. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) on the farm all day.

A. Had been helped

B. Had been helping

C. Helped

3. He (drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.

A. Had been driving

B. Had driving

C. Had drived

D. Drived

4. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) in the rain too long.

A. Had been singin

B. Had sang

C. Had sung

D. Had singing

5. How long (learn/ she) English before she went to London?

A. Had she learned

B. Had she been learning

C. Had she learn

D. She learned

1C

2B

3C

4C

5A

Exercise 4. Put the verb in brackets in the Past simple, Past perfect or Present perfect.

0. I thanked her for everything she (do) had done for me.

1. She didn’t notice that she (never see) …………………….……… that film before.

2. I suddenly (remember) that I ………………………. (forget) my keys.

3. Bill no longer has his car. He (sell) …………………….. it.

4. (Have/you/put) ………………. off the fire before you (go) ……………… out.

5. I was very pleased to see Mary again. I (not see) ………………….. for a long time.

1. hadn’t never seen

2. remembered – had forgotten

3. had sold

4. Had you put – went

5. hadn’t seen

Exercise 5. Rewrite the sentences beginning as shown

0. David went home before we arrived.

When we arrived, Davi had gone home.

1. We had snack then we had a look around the shops.

After……………………………………………………………………………………

2. The man was poor so he could not afford accommodation.

If …………………………………………………………………………….…………

3. We had never been so happy before.

We were………………………………………………………………………………..

4. I went to the zoo last year and that was where I saw a real tiger for the first time.

Before …………………………………………………………………………………..

5. I like you didn’t go to the party yesterday.

I’d rather you ……………………………………………………………………………

1. After we had snack, we had a look around the shops.

2. If the man had been rich, he could have afforded accommodation.

3. We were so happy after that.

4. Before I went to the zoo last year, I hadn’t seen a real tiger for the first time.

5. I’d rather you hadn’t gone to the parrty yessterday.

Exercise 6. Hoàn thành đoạn văn sau bằng cách chia động từ ở chỗ trống

Until a few years ago, no one 0. had heard (hear) of Harry Potter, the young wizard and hero of the
children’s book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. The writer, J K Rowling, 1. ………… (already / write)
several stories and books, but this was the first book that was published. She 2. …………… (get) the idea for
the story of a wizard at magic school while she 3. ……… (travel) on a train to London. By the time the train
4. …………… (reach) King’s Cross station, she 5. ………………… (invent) most of the characters. When the book was
published in 1997, no one 6. ………………… (imagine) it would be such a tremendous success, but it quickly
7……………(become) a bestseller. While millions of young readers in many countries 8. ……………… (enjoy) her first
Harry Potter book, J K Rowling 9. …………………… (think) of ideas for the next book in this incredibly popular series.

1. had already written

2. got

3. was travelling

4. reached

5. had invented

6. imagined

7. became

8. were enjoying

9. was thinking


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