A. Mẫu câu It is said that và He is said to trong tiếng Anh
Ví dụ tình huống:
– Henry is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is, but:
(Ông Henry rất già. Không ai biết chính xác ông ấy bao nhiêu tuổi, nhưng:)
It is said that he is 108 years old.
hoặc
He is said to be 108 years old
Cả hai câu đều có nghĩa là: “People said that he is 108 years old.” (Người ta nói rằng ông ấy 108 tuổi).
Bạn có thể sử dụng cấu trúc này với một số động từ khác, đặc biệt với:
thought (nghĩ)
believed (tin rằng)
considered (xem xét, cho là)
reported (báo cáo)
known (biết)
expected (mong chờ)
alleged (buộc tội)
understood (hiểu)
Bạn theo dõi các ví dụ sau để so sánh hai cấu trúc này:
– Cathy works very hard. (Cathy làm việc rất chăm chỉ)
1. It is said that she works 16 hours a day.
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2. She is said to work 16 hours a day.
(1=2) Người ta nói rằng cô ấy làm việc 16 tiếng một ngày.
– The police are looking for a missing boy. (Cảnh sát đang tìm kiếm đứa bé mất tích)
1. It is believed that the boy is wearing a white pullover and blue jeans.
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2. The boy is believed to be wearing a white pullover and blue jeans.
(1=2) (Người ta tin là một đứa bé mặc một cái áo thun trắng và quần jean xanh.)
– The strike started three weeks ago. (Cuộc bãi công bắt đầu ba tuần trước)
1. It is expected that it will end soon
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2. The strike is expected to end soon.
(1=2) (Người ta cho rằng cuộc bãi công sẽ sớm chấm dứt.)
– A friend of mine has been arrested. (Một người bạn của tôi đã bị bắt
1. It is alleged that he kicked a policeman.
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2. He is alleged to have kicked a policeman.
(1=2) (Người ta buộc tội là anh ấy đã đá một người cảnh sát.)
– Those two houses belong to the same family.(Hai ngôi nhà đó thuộc về cùng một gia đình)
1. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.
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2. There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.
(1=2)(Người ta nói rằng giữa 2 ngôi nhà đó có một đường hầm bí mật)
Các cấu trúc trên (ví dụ: It is said that/ he is said to/ …) được sử dụng trong việc tường thuật hay đưa tin tức.
Ví dụ trong một bản tin về tai nạn:
– It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion
hoặc
Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.
(Người ta đưa tin rằng có hai người đã bị thương trong vụ nổ.)
B. Cách sử dụng (be) suppose to trong tiếng Anh
Đôi khi It is supposed to … có nghĩa tương đương với It is said to …
Ví dụ:
– Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good.
(=it is said to be very good)
(Hay đi xem phim đó với tôi. Nghe nói phim đó hay lắm.)
– “Why was he arrested?” “He’s supposed to have kicked a policeman.”
(He is said to have kicked a policeman)
(“Tại sao anh ấy bị bắt?” “Người ta nói là anh ấy đã đá một người cảnh sát.”)
Nhưng đôi khi supposed to có một nghĩa khác.
“Something is supposed to happen” mang nghĩa là một việc gì đó đã được sắp xếp, dự định hay mong chờ xảy ra. Thường thì
điều này khác với những gì thực sự xảy ra.
– I’d better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o’clock and I’m supposed to be meeting
Ann at 8.15.
(= I have arranged to meet Ann. I said I would meet her)
(Tốt hơn là tôi phải khẩn trương. Đã 8h rồi và tôi dự định sẽ gặp Ann vào lúc 8h15.)
(= Tôi đã sắp xếp để gặp Ann, tôi đã nói là tôi sẽ gặp cô ấy)
– The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late.
(=the train was expected to arrive at 11.30 according to the timetable)
Đoàn tàu được dự tính sẽ đến vào lúc 11h30 nhưng nó đã trễ 1h rồi.
(=theo lịch trình đoàn tàu sẽ đến lúc 11h30)
– You were supposed to clean the windows. Why didn’t you do it?
(Anh đã dự định lau chùi các cửa sổ. Tại sao anh không làm việc đó?)
– You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
(Ông không được phép đỗ xe ở đây. Chỗ này chỉ dành để đỗ xe tư nhân mà thôi.)
– Mr Bond is much better after his illness but he’s still not supposed to
do any heavy work.
(his doctor has advised him not to…)
(Sau khi khỏi bệnh, sức khỏe ông Bond đã khá hơn nhưng ông ấy vẫn chưa nên làm
việc nặng.)
(=bác sĩ của ông ấy đã khuyên ông ấy)
Bài tập bổ sung
Exercise 1. Rewrite the sentences.
1. People say that his family has a lot of money in his house.
→ It is said that __________________________________.
→ His family is said ______________________________.
2. People say that the train leaves at 12 a.m.
→ It is said that __________________________________.
→ The train is said________________________________.
3. People say that Wind passed the exam last week.
→ It is said that __________________________________.
→ Wind is said _________________________________.
4. People say that we have eaten Korea’s food for 2 months.
→ It is said that __________________________________.
→ We are said ___________________________________.
5. People say that Jun is a handsome boy.
→ It is said that __________________________________.
→ Jun is said ____________________________________.
Đáp án:
1. It is said that his family has a lot of money in his house.
His family is said to have a lot of money in his house.
2. It is said that the train leaves at 12 a.m.
The train is said to leave at 12 a.m.
3. It is said that Wind passed the exam last week.
Wind is said to have passed the exam last week.
4. It is said that we have eaten Korea’s food for 2 months.
We are said to have eaten Korea’s food for 2 months.
5. It is said that Jun is a handsome boy.
Jun is said to be a handsome boy.
Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences.
1. People think that the new prime minister is a good speaker.
→ It is ___________________________________.
→ The new prime minister ___________________.
2. They report that the suspended gunman is in custody.
→ The suspended __________________________.
→ It is ___________________________________.
3. People don’t expect that the new party will win the election.
→ It isn’t _________________________________.
→ The new _______________________________.
4. The police say that the principal is at large.
→ It is ___________________________________.
→ The principal __________________________.
5. The detective knows that the robber has left the city.
→ It is ___________________________________.
→ The robber _____________________________.
6. People believe that giving encouragement is important at work, too.
→ It is ___________________________________.
→ Giving encouragement ____________________.
7. They told us that Charles drank too much at the party.
→ It was _________________________________.
→ Charles ________________________________.
Đáp án:
1. It is thought that the new prime minister is a good speaker.
The new prime minister is thought to be a good speaker.
2. The suspended gunman is reported to be in custody.
It is reported that the suspended gunman is in custody.
3. It isn’t expected that the new party will win the election.
The new party isn’t expected to win the election.
4. It is said that the principal is at large.
The principal is said to be at large.
5. It is known that the robber has left the city.
The robber is known to have left the city.
6. It is believed that giving encouragement is important at work, too.
Giving encouragement is believed to be important at work, too.
7. It was told that Charles drank too much at the party.
Charles was told to have drunk too much at the party.
Exercise 3. Rewrite the sentences.
1. It is said that the thief stole several wallets.
→ The thief ____________________________.
2. The Sun was believed to move round the Earth.
→ It was ______________________________.
3. The witness was thought to have been injured.
→ It was ______________________________.
4. They believe that the lunch will be delicious.
→ The lunch is _________________________.
5. The newspapers reported that he won the jackpot.
→ He was _____________________________.
Đáp án:
1. The thief is said to have stolen several wallets.
2. It was believed that the Sun moves round the Earth.
3. It was thought that the witness had been injured.
4. The lunch is believed to be delicious.
5. He was reported to have won the jackpot
Bài tập Mẫu câu It is said that, He is said to và (be) supposed to
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