1. Cách sử dụng Must
Must (phải) có hình thức phủ định là Must not (Mustn’t), được dùng để:
a. Diễn đạt sự cần thiết, sự bắt buộc
Eg: Plants must get enough light and water.
(Cây cối cần phải có đủ ánh sáng và nước.)
b. Đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc yêu cầu được nhấn mạnh
Eg: She’s a really nice girl. You must meet her.
(Cô ấy thực sự là một cô gái tốt. Bạn phải gặp cô ấy.)
c. Đưa ra một suy luận có tính chắc chắn cao
Eg: John’s lights are out. He must be asleep.
(Đèn nhà John đang tắt. Chắc hẳn là cậu ấy đang ngủ.)
d. Mustn’t dùng để chỉ sự cấm đoán
Eg: Look, double yellow lines. We mustn’t park here.
(Nhìn kìa, 2 vạch vàng. Chúng ta không được để xe ở đây.)
2. Cách sử dụng Have to
Have to (phải) được dùng để:
a. Diễn đạt sự cần thiết, bắt buộc (tương đương Must)
Eg: I have to go to the hairdresser’s soon. (Tôi phải đi tới tiệm tóc ngay thôi.)
b. Have to được dùng thay cho Must trong trường hợp không thể dùng Must (thì tương lai, thì tiếp diễn, thì quá khứ, thì hiện tại hoàn thành ….)
Eg: I’m having to read this contract carefully. (Tôi đang phải đọc kĩ hợp đồng này.)
c. Trợ động từ do được dùng với Have to trong câu phủ định
Don’t/ Doesn’t have to = không phải làm gì
Eg: I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early.
(Ngày mai tôi sẽ không đi làm, vì vậy tôi không phải dậy sớm.)
3. Lưu ý với Must và Have to
a. So sánh Must và Have to
* Giống nhau: Must = Have to dùng để diễn đạt sự cần thiết, bắt buộc phải làm gì
Eg: All applicants must/ have to take an entrance exam.
(Tất cả ứng viên phải làm bài thi sát hạch.)
* Khác nhau:
| Must | Have to |
|---|---|
| Sự bắt buộc đến từ phía người nói (cảm xúc, mong ước của người nói) | Sự bắt buộc do tình thế, do sự kiện bên ngoài (nội quy, mệnh lệnh …..) |
|
Eg: I really must stop smoking. (Tôi thực sự phải bỏ thuốc thôi.) |
Eg: I have to stop smoking. Doctor’s order. (Tôi phải bỏ thuốc thôi, đó là lệnh của bác sĩ.) |
b. Phủ định của Must và Have to
| Must not (Mustn’t) | Don’t/ Doesn’t have to |
|---|---|
| Chỉ sự cấm đoán | Chỉ sự không cần thiết |
|
Car mustn’t park in front of the entrance. (Ô tô không được đậu trước lối ra vào.) |
You don’t have to wash those glasses. They’re clean. (Bạn không cần phải rửa những cái li đó. Chúng sạch mà.) |
4. Bài tập Must và Have to
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with have to/ has to/ had to.
0. Bill start work at 5a.m. He has to get up at four. (he/ get up)
1. I broke my arm last week. ……. you ………. to hospital? (you/ go)
2. There was a lot of noise from the street …. the window. (we/ close)
3. Karen can’t stay for the whole meeting …. early. (she/ leave)
4. How old …. to drive in your country. (you/ be)
5. I don’t have much time. ……………… . (I/ hurry)
6. How is Paul enjoying his new job? ………. a lot? (he/ travel)
7. “I’m afraid I can’t stay long.” – “What time …. ?” (you/ go)
8. “The bus was late again.” “How long …. ?” (you/ wait)
1. Did you have to go
2. We had to close
3. She has to leave
4. do you have to be
5. I have to hurry
6. does he have to travel
7. do you have to go
8. did you have to wait
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with mustn’t or don’t/ doesn’t have to
0. I don’t want anyone to know about our plan. You mustn’t tell anyone.
1. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I …. go to work.
2. Whatever you do, you …. touch that switch. It’s very dangerous.
3. There’s a lift in the building so we …. climb the stairs.
4. You …. forget what I told you.It’s vry important.
5. Sue …. get up early, but she usually does.
6. Don’t make so much noise. We …. wake the children.
7. I …. eat too much. I’m supposed to be on a diet.
8. You …. be good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
1. don’t have to
2. mustn’t
3. don’t have to
4. mustn’t
5. doesn’t have to
6. mustn’t
7. mustn’t
8. don’t have to
Exercise 3. Điền từ HAVE TO hoặc MUST (not)
0. The dress is a little bit tight. You may have to try on a few different sizes.
1. The students _____ get here after 4.pm because the school will begin at 4pm.
2. Do you _____ work next weekend?
3. Drivers_____ remember to signal when they turn.
4. John!! You _____ leave your clothes all over the bed like that!!
5. Did you_____finish your exercises yesterday.
6. Last month, I ______ go to the hospital twice a week.
7. I______ go now, it’s too late.
1. mustn’t
2. have to
3. have to
4. mustn’t
5. have to
6. had to
7. must/ have to
Exercise 4. Điền MUST/ HAD TO/ MUSTN’T/ NEEDN’T
0. You needn’t go. You can stay here if you want.
1. We’ve got enough food, so we …………. go shopping.
2. We didn’t have any food yesterday, so we ………………. go shopping.
3. I want to know what happened. You …………… tell me.
4. You …………….. tell Sue what happened. I don’t want her to know.
5. I ………………. hurry or I’ll be late.
6. “Why were you so late?” – “I ………………. wait half an hour for a bus.”
7. We ……………. decide now. We can decide later.
1. needn’t
2. had to
3. must
4. must not
5. must
6. had to
7. needn’t
Exercise 5. Điền I MUST hoặc I HAD TO
0. I had to go to the bank yesterday to get some money.
1. It’s late. …………………. go now.
2. I don’t usually work on Saturday but last Saturday ………………… work.
3. ………………….. get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.
4. I went to London by train last week. The train was full and ………….. stand all the way.
5. I was nearly late for my appointment this morning. …………… run to get there on time.
6. I forgot to phone David yesterday. ……………………. phone him later today.
1. I must
2. I had to
3. I must
4. I had to
5. I had to
6. I must
Exercise 6. Hoàn thành câu. Sử dụng “Must” kết hợp với các động từ dưới đây
| Be Go Go Learn Meet Wash Win |
0. We must go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.
1. Marilyn is a very interesting person. You ……………… her.
2. My hands are dirty. I ………………. them.
3. You ……………… to drive. It will be very useful.
4. I …………….. to the post office. I need some stamps.
5. The game tomorrow is very important for us. We ………………..
6. You can’t always have things immediately. You …………….. patient.
1. must meet
2. must wash
3. must learn
4. must go
5. must win
6. must be
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