A. Động từ khuyết thiếu MUST trong tiếng Anh
MUST là một động từ khuyết thiếu và chỉ có hình thức hiện tại.
Dưới đây là các cách sử dụng của động từ khuyết thiếu MUST trong tiếng Anh:
1. MUST có nghĩa là “phải” diễn tả một mệnh lệnh hay một sự bắt buộc.
– You must drive on the left in London.
(Ở London bạn phải lái xe ở bên trái.)
2. MUST bao hàm một kết luận đương nhiên, một cách giải thích duy nhất hợp lý theo ý nghĩ của người nói.
– Are you going home at midnight? You must be mad!
(Bạn định về nhà lúc nửa đêm á? Chắc bạn điên rồi!)
– You have worked hard all day; you must be tired.
(Anh đã làm việc cả ngày trời; Chắc anh mệt lắm.)
3. MUST NOT (MUSTN’T) diễn tả một lệnh cấm.
– You mustn’t walk on the grass.
(Bạn không được đi trên cỏ.)
4. Khi muốn diễn tả thể phủ định của MUST với ý nghĩa “không cần thiết” người ta sử dụng NEED NOT (NEEDN’T).
– Must I do it now?
(Tôi có phải làm nó bây giờ không?)
– No, you needn’t. Tomorrow will be soon enough.
(Không cần thiết. Sáng mai đủ sớm để làm điều này.)
5. CANNOT (CAN’T) được dùng làm phủ định của MUST khi MUST diễn tả ý nghĩa một kết luận đương nhiên, một cách giải thích duy nhất hợp lý theo ý nghĩ của người nói như đã đề cập ở trên.
– If he said that, he must be mistaken.
– If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth.
B. Phân biệt MUST và HAVE TO trong tiếng Anh
• HAVE TO dùng thay cho MUST trong các thì mà MUST không có.
– We shall have to hurry if we are going to catch the twelve o’clock train.
• HAVE TO KHÔNG thể thay thế MUST khi MUST mang ý nghĩa một kết luận đương nhiên, một cách giải thích duy nhất hợp lý theo ý nghĩ của người nói như đã đề cập trong điểm 2 trên đây. Người ta phải diễn tả bằng những cách khác.
– He must be mad. (I personally thought that he was mad)
(Chắc anh ta điên rồi. (Cá nhân tôi nghĩ rằng anh ta bị điên rồi.))
• MUST và HAVE TO đều có thể dùng để diễn tả sự cưỡng bách, bắt buộc (compulsion). Tuy nhiên, MUST mang ý nghĩa sự cưỡng bách đến từ người nói trong khi HAVE TO mang ý nghĩa sự cưỡng bách đến từ hoàn cảnh bên ngoài (external circumstances)
– You must do what I tell you.
(Người nói ở đây là I)
– Passengers must cross the line by the bridge.
(Lệnh của Cục Đường Sắt)
– Passengers have to cross the line by the bridge.
(Vì không còn đường nào khác)
Bài tập
Exercise 1. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
1. I _____ go to the hospital. I want to meet my old friend for the last time.
A. have to
B. has to
C. must
D. must to
2. I _____ go to the hospital. I have a meeting with my doctor.
A. have to
B. has to
C. must
D. must to
3. She _____ get up early on Monday. She wants to do a lot of things on this day.
A. have to
B. has to
C. must
D. must to
4. She _____ get up early on Monday. She will have an important meeting on this day.
A. have to
B. has to
C. must
D. must to
5. I haven’t phoned my mom for a month. I _____ phone her right after I’ve finished my job.
A. have to
B. has to
C. must
D. must to
Đáp án:
|
1. C |
2. A |
3. C |
4. B |
5. C |
Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using have to + the verb in the list. Some sentences are positive (have to …) and some are negative.
(I don’t have to …)
ask do drive get up go
make make pay show
1. I’m not working tomorrow so I _____ early.
2. Steve didn’t know how to use the computer so I _____ him.
3. Excuse me a moment – I _____ a phone call. I won’t be long.
4. I’m not busy. I have few things to do but I _____ them now.
5. I couldn’t find the street I wanted. I _____ somebody for directions.
6. The car park is free. You _____ to park your car there.
7. A man was injured in the accident but he _____ to hospital because it wasn’t serious.
8. Sue has a senior position in the company. She _____ important decisions.
9. When Patrick starts his new job next month, he _____ 50 miles to work every day.
Đáp án:
|
1. don’t have to get up |
6. don’t have to pay |
|
2. had to show |
7. didn’t have to go |
|
3. have to make |
8. has to make |
|
4. don’t have to do |
9. will have to drive |
|
5. had to ask |
|
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with mustn’t or don’t/ doesn’t have to.
1. I don’t want anyone to know about our plan. You _____ anyone.
2. Richard _____ wear a suit to work but he usually does.
3. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I _____ go to work.
4. Whatever you do, you _____ touch that switch. It’s very dangerous.
5. There’s a lift in the building so we _____ climb the stairs.
6. You _____ forget what I told you. It’s very important.
7. Sue _____ get up early, but she usually does.
8. Don’t make so much noise. We _____ wake the children.
9. I _____ eat too much. I’m supposed to be on a diet.
10. You _____ be good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
Đáp án:
|
1. mustn’t tell |
6. mustn’t |
|
2. doesn’t have to wear |
7. doesn’t have to |
|
3. don’t have to |
8. mustn’t |
|
4. mustn’t |
9. don’t have to |
|
5. don’t have to |
10. don’t have to |
Exercise 4. Choose the best option in the bracket to complete the sentences.
1. Yesterday I (must/ mustn’t/ had to) finish my English project.
2. He will (must/ have to/ has to) wait in line like everyone else.
3. We (must be/ mustn’t / have to) on time for work.
4. We (have to not/ must/ mustn’t) forget to take the chicken out of the freezer.
5. If you are under 15, you (have/ must/ mustn’t) to get your parents’ permission.
6. Your child may (have to/ had to/ must) try on a few different sizes.
7. The doctor (must/ mustn’t/ have to) get here as soon as he can.
8. Do you (have to/ must/ mustn’t) work next weekend?
9. Bicyclists (mustn’t/ must/ has to) remember to signal when they turn.
10. Susan, you (mustn’t/ must/ have to) leave your clothes all over the floor like this.
Đáp án:
|
1. had to |
6. have to |
|
2. have to |
7. must |
|
3. must be |
8. have to |
|
4. mustn’t |
9. must |
|
5. have |
10. mustn’t |
Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with affirmative or negative forms of “must or have to/ has to”.
1. You really __________ stop driving so fast or you’ll have an accident!
2. I can give you my bike, so you __________ buy a new one.
3. They __________ be in a hurry, because they have got more than enough time.
4. I really __________ remember to post that letter before five o’clock.
5. Tomorrow is Sunday. You __________ get up very early.
6. This room is a mess. I really __________ find time to clean it!
7. You __________ wear a tie if you want to go to that restaurant. It’s one of their rules!
8. I am broke. I __________ borrow some money to buy a car.
9. You __________ stop smoking. It is very harmful.
10. Mr. Dickson is travelling abroad this summer, so he __________ get his passport soon.
11. All the students __________ obey the school rules.
12. You __________ speak too loud, the baby is sleeping.
13. Students __________ look at their notes during the test.
14. I have a terrible headache, so I __________ leave early.
15. Snow has blocked the roads. We __________ stay here until it’s cleared.
Đáp án:
|
1. must |
9. must |
|
2. don’t have to |
10. has to |
|
3. don’t have to |
11. have to |
|
4. must |
12. mustn’t |
|
5. don’t have to |
13. mustn’t |
|
6. must |
14. must |
|
7. have to |
15. have to |
|
8. have to |
|
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