Các dạng thức của động từ: to infinitive và Ving hay, chi tiết
I. TO- INFINITIVES
1. Cách dùng:
Động từ nguyên mẫu có to được dùng làm:
– Chủ ngữ của câu:
To become a famous singer is her dream.
– Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ:
What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand.
– Tân ngữ của động từ:
It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home.
– Tân ngữ của tính từ:
I’m pleased to see you.
2a. Verb- to infinitives ( các động từ thường gặp theo sau là to Vnt)
* afford (đủ khả năng)
*agree (đồng ý )
*appear ( xuất hiện )
*arrange ( sắp xếp )
*ask ( hỏi , yêu cầu )
*beg ( nài nỉ , vanxin)
*care ( chăm sóc )
*claim (đòi hỏi,yêu cầu)
*consent ( bằng lòng )
*decide ( quyết định )
*demand ( yêu cầu )
*deserve ( xứng đấng)
*expect ( mong đợi )
*fail ( thất bại )
*hesitate (do dự )
*hope (hi vọng )
*learn ( học )
*manage (sắp xếp )
*mean (ý định )
*need ( cần )
*offer (đề nghị )
*plan ( lên kế hoạch )
*prepare ( chuẩn bị )
*pretend ( giả vờ )
*promise ( hứa )
*refuse ( từ chối )
*seem ( dường như )
*struggle (đấu tranh )
*swear ( xin thề )
*threaten (đe doạ )
*volunteer ( tình nguyện
*wait (đợi )
*want ( muốn )
*wish ( mong )
2b. Các động từ + O + To V infinitive
V+ SB + TO V
advise (khuyên )
allow ( cho phép )
ask ( yêu cầu )
beg ( van xin )
cause ( gây ra )
challenge ( thách thức )
convince ( thuyết phục )
dare ( dám )
encourage ( khuyến khích )
expect ( mong đợi )
forbid ( cấm )
force ( buộc )
hire ( thuê )
instruct ( hướng dẫn
invite ( mời )
need ( cần )
order ( ra lệnh )
permit ( cho phép )
persuade ( thuyết phục )
remind ( nhắc nhở )
require (đò hỏi )
teach ( dạy )
tell( bảo )
urge ( thúc giục )
want ( muốn )
warn ( báo trước )
II. GERUNDS
1. Cách dùng ( Ving)
– Làm chủ ngữ trong câu
Ex: Swimming is good for your health
-Làm tân ngữ trong câu
Ex: One of my hobbies is collecting stamps
-Đứng sau giới từ
Ex: I am fond of listening to music
– Theo sau một số động từ,danh từ, tính từ nhất định
Ex : My mom loves cooking
2. Các động từ đi với Ving thường gặp
avoid (tránh )
admit (thừa nhận )
advise (khuyên nhủ )
appreciate (đánh giá )
complete ( hoàn thành )
consider ( xem xét )
continue(tiep tuc)=go on= keep on( tiếp tục
delay ( trì hoãn )
deny ( từ chối ) ≠ give up(tõ bá)
discuss ( thảo luận )
dislike ( không thích )=hate
enjoy ( thích )=like=feel like=love
finish ( hoàn thành ))
mention (đề cập )
mind ( phiền , ngại )
miss (nhớ , bỏ lỡ )
postpone ( tr× hoãn ) ≠stop( dõng l¹i)
practice (luyện tập )
quit (nghỉ , thôi )
recall ( nhắc nhở , nhớ )
recollect ( nhớ ra )
recommend (nhắc nhở )
regret ( tiếc đã làm gì)Ving
be sory about Ving= be sorry sb for Ving
resent (bực tức )
resist (kháng cự )
risk ( rủi ro )
spend (su dung thoi gian,)
suggest (đề nghị )
tolerate (tha thứ )
understand ( hiểu )
can’t help (ko thể tránh / nhịn được )
can’t stand ( ko thể chịu đựng đc )
can’t bear ( ko thể chịu đựng đc )
It is no use / It is no good ( vô ích)
would you mind(có làm phiền…không)
to be used to ( quen với )
to be / get accustomed to (dần quen với )
to be busy ( bận rộn )
to be worth ( xứng đáng )
to look forward to (trông mong )
Bài tập
Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. I can’t imagine Peter _____ (go) by bike.
2. He agreed _____ (buy) a new car.
3. The question is easy _____ (answer).
4. The man asked me how _____ (get) to the airport.
5. I look forward to _____ (see) you at the weekend.
6. Are you thinking of _____ (visit) London?
7. We decided _____ (run) through the forest.
8. The teacher expected Sarah _____ (study) hard.
9. She doesn’t mind _____ (work) the night shift.
10. I learned _____ (ride) the bike at the age of 5.
Đáp án:
1. going
2. to buy
3. to answer
4. to get
5. seeing
6. visiting
7. to run
8. to study
9. working
10. to ride
Bài tập bổ sung
Exercise 1. Put the correct form of the verbs.
1.They are used to (prepare) _______ new lessons.
2. By (work) _______ day and night, he succeeded in (finish) _______ the job in time.
3. His doctor advised him (give) _______ up (smoke) _______.
4. Please stop (talk) _______. We will stop (eat) _______ lunch in ten minutes.
5. Stop (argue) _______ and start (work) _______.
6. I like (think) _______ carefully about things before (make) _______ decision.
7. Ask him (come) _______ in. Don`t keep him (stand) _______ at the door.
8. Did you succeed in (solve) _______ the problem?
9. Don’t forget (lock) _______ the door before (go) _______ to bed.
10. Don’t try (persuade) _______ me. Nothing can make me (change) _______ my mind.
Đáp án:
|
1. preparing |
2. working – finishing |
|
3. to give – smoking |
4. talking – to eat |
|
5. arguing – working / to work |
6. to think – making |
|
7. to come – standing |
8. solving |
|
9. to lock – going |
10. to persuade – change |
Exercise 2. Put the correct form of the verbs.
1. Sally and her family love (go) _______ to the park in the summer.
2. Her mum likes (lie) _______ on the blanket and loves (read) _______ her favourite magazines.
3. Anna’s family (like) _______ the park because they love (be) _______ outdoors.
4. I enjoy (collect) _______ dolls and it becomes my pleasure.
5. We love (watch) new films, and we (go) _______ to watch a new Hollywood film next weekend.
6. My brother hates (do) _______ the same things day after day.
7. Would you mind _______ (watch) my bag for a few minutes?
8. I enjoy _______ (listen) to music while I’m doing the cooking.
9. He wants _______ (buy) a new computer game.
10. I’d like _______ (speak) to Mr. Davis, please. Is he there?
11. Please avoid _______ (make) silly mistakes in this exercise.
12. The children would love _______ (eat) French fries.
13. She really loves _______ (work) with children.
14. We tried _______ (call) you but your mobile was off.
15. They intend _______ (build) houses on the school playing fields.
16. I am learning (speak) _______English.
17. Do you mind (give) _______me a hand?
18. She helped me (carry) _______my suitcases.
19. I’ve finished (cook) _______ – come and eat!
20. He decided (study) _______ biology.
Đáp án:
|
1. going / to go |
11. making |
|
2. lying – reading |
12. to eat |
|
3. likes – being |
13. working |
|
4. collecting |
14. to call |
|
5. watching – are going |
15. to build |
|
6. doing |
16. to speak |
|
7. watching |
17. giving |
|
8. listening |
18. carry / to carry |
|
9. to buy |
19. cooking |
|
10. to speak |
20. to study |
Xem thêm các loạt bài Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh hay, chi tiết khác: