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Thì quá khứ đơn trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết | Các thì trong tiếng Anh

Thì quá khứ đơn trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết

1. Khái niệm Thì quá khứ đơn

Thì hiện tại đơn là thì diễn đạt một hay nhiều hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trong quá khứ, không còn liên hệ với hiện tại.

2. Cách dùng Thì quá khứ đơn

Thì quá khứ đơn dùng để diễn tả:

a. Hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt tại thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Eg: I met her yesterday. (Hôm qua tôi đã gặp cô ấy.)

Cách dùng này thường đi với trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ như: last week/ month/ year (tuần trước, tháng trước, năm trước)…, ago, yesterday (hôm qua) …….

b. Hành động đã xảy ra suốt một thời gian trong quá khứ, nhưng đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt

Eg: They lived with us for a year several years ago.

(Họ đã sống với chúng tôi trong vòng 1 năm nhiều năm trước đây.)

c. Một loạt hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ

Eg: I washed my face, dressed up and went to school.

(Tôi rửa mặt, mặc quần áo và tới trường.)

d. Hành động theo thói quen trong quá khứ và bây giờ không còn nữa

Eg: When I was small, I used to like ice-cream so much.

(Khi tôi còn bé, tôi rất thích kem.)

Cách dùng này thường đi với used to (đã thường)

3. Cấu trúc Thì quá khứ đơn

(+) Khẳng định

Động từ “to be” Động từ thường

I/ He/ She/ It + was + …….

Eg: I was at home yesterday

(Hôm qua tôi đã ở nhà.)

I/ He/ She/ It + Ved + …….

Eg: I liked ice-cream.

(Tôi đã từng thích kem.)

You/ We/ They + were + ………

Eg: They were late yesterday

(Hôm qua họ đã trễ giờ.)

She/ He/ It + Vs/es

Eg: He got up early although it was Sunday.

(Cậu ấy đã thức dậy sớm dù là Chủ Nhật.)

(-) Phủ định

Động từ “to be” Động từ thường

I/ He/ She/ It + was not (wasn’t) + ……

Eg: She was not present at class.

(Cô ấy đã không có mặt ở lớp.)

I/ He/ She/ It + did not (didn’t) + V nguyên thể

Eg: I didn’t live with my parents.

(Tôi đã không sống cùng bố mẹ.)

You/ We/ They + were not (weren’t) + ……

Eg: We weren’t engineers.

(Chúng tôi không phải kĩ sư.)

You/ We/ They + did not (didn’t) + V nguyên thể

Eg: She didn’t like him.

(Chúng tôi từng không thích cậu ta.)

(?) Nghi vấn

Động từ “to be” Động từ thường

(Từ để hỏi) + was + I/ he/ she/ it?

Eg: Was the train ten minutes late?

(Có phải tàu chậm 10 phút không?)

(Từ để hỏi) + do + I/ you/ we/ they + V nguyên thể?

Eg: Did she live here?

(Cô ấy từng sống ở đây à?)

(Từ để hỏi) + were + you/ we/ they?

Eg: Were you a student at that school?

(Có phải bạn từng là học sinh ngôi trường kia không?

(Từ để hỏi) + does + he/ she/ it + V nguyên thể?

Eg: What did he do with the dog?

(Cậu ấy đã làm gì con chó vậy?)

4. Cách thêm “-ed” vào động từ Thì quá khứ đơn

Động từ nguyên thể Cách chuyển Ví dụ
Động từ kết thúc tận cùng: e; ee Thêm “d”

Live – lived (sống)

Agree – agreed (đồng ý)
Động từ kết thúc là nguyên âm + phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y) Gấp đôi phụ âm và thêm “ed”

Fit – fitted (phù hợp)

Stop – stopped (ngừng)
Động từ kết thúc là phụ âm + y Đổi “y” thành “i” và thêm “ed”

Study – studied (học)

Try – tried (thử)
Động từ còn lại Thêm “-ed”

Work – worked (làm việc)

Learn – learned (học)

Một số động từ bất quy tắc thường gặp cần học thuộc:

Động từ nguyên thể Động từ quá khứ đơn Nghĩa tiếng Việt
be was/ were thì, là, ở
become became trở thành
begin began bắt đầu
blow blew thổi
bring brought mang
buy bought mua
catch caught bắt
choose chose lựa chọn
come came đến
cut cut cắt
do did làm
drink drank uống
eat ate ăn
feel felt cảm thấy
find found tìm ra
go went đi
have had có
keep kept giữ
know knew biết
make made tạo ra
meet met gặp

5. Cách phát âm động từ đuôi “ed”

Đọc là /id/ khi động từ kết thúc là /t/ hoặc /d/

Wanted /ˈwɑːntɪd/

Added /ædɪd/
Đọc là /t/ khi động từ kết thúc là các phụ âm vô thanh: /s/, /f/, /p/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/ và những động từ có từ phát âm cuối là “s”

Picked /pɪkt/

Hoped /hoʊpt/
Đọc là /id/ với các động từ còn lại

Cried /kraɪd/: Khóc

Smiled /smaɪld/: Cười

Played /pleɪd/: Chơi

6. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì quá khứ đơn

Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ:

• Yesterday

• Ago

• Last

• When I was ……

Eg: I called him last night. (Tôi qua tôi đã gọi cho cậu ấy.)

7. Bài tập Thì quá khứ đơn

Exercise 1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc để hoàn thành những câu sau

0. I (eat) ate dinner at six o’clock yesterday.

1. A: ___________ Helen (drive)___________ to work? – B: Yes, she ___________.

2. My neighbor (buy)___________ a new car last week.

3. They (go)___________ to Italy on their last summer holiday.

4. A: ___________ they (swim)___________ at the beach? – B: No, they __________.

5. My family and I (see)___________ a comedy movie last night.

1. Did / drive / did

2. bought

3. went

4. Did / swim / didn’t

5. saw

Exercise 2. Chuyển những câu dưới đây từ hiện tại đơn sang quá khứ đơn

0. Does she buy the newspaper in the shop over there?

Did she buy the newspaper in the shop over there?

1. He goes to the swimming pool because he likes swimming.

2. They have dinner at nine o´clock.

3. Helen eats too many sweets.

4. I buy the newspaper in the shop.

5. We get up at eight o´clock and go to school.

1. He went to the swimming pool because he liked swimming.

2. They had dinner at nine o´clock.

3. Helen ate too many sweets.

4. I bought the newspaper in the shop.

5. We got up at eight o´clock and went to school.

Exercise 3. Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets to complete the following passages.

0. Albert Maltz was a progressive American writer. He was (be) born in 1908. He wrote (write) his first play “Peace on Earth” in 1943.
It was (be) against wars, so the American police arrested (arrest) him and put (put) him in prison in 1950.

1. Ha … (come) back a moment ago and … (turn) the television on very loudly. My son … (sleep) then , so I …… (tell) her to turn it off.

2. Last Friday was a holiday. I … (not have) to go to classes. I ….. (sleep) a little later than usual. Around ten, my friend Larry …… (come) over to my apartment.
We … (pack) a picnic basket and then … (take) the bus to Forest Park. We ….. (spend) most of the day there.

3. Mary and John are neighbors. They have known each other for several years. Mary … (move) into her house in 1985, and John has lived next door since he …… (come) to the area in 1980.

4. Dennis Heal is a politician. He … (go) to Oxford University in 1950 and … (become) a member of Parliament for the Labor Party in 1957. He has been an MP since then.
He … (write) three story books including his autobiography. He is married to the artist, Adna Heal , they …… (have) two children. They … (live) in Oxford for 15 years,
then …… (move) to London in 1970. They now … (live) in Cadogan Square in central London.

1. came – turned – slept – told

2. didn’t have – slept – came – packed – took – spent

3. moved – came

4. went – became – wrote – had – lived – moved – live

Exercise 4. Lựa chọn và điền dạng đúng của từ

teach      cook      want      spend      ring
be      sleep      study      go      write

0. The telephone rang several times and then stopped before I could answer it.

1. She…..out with her boyfriend last night.

2. Laura…..a meal yesterday afternoon.

3. Mozart…..more than 600 pieces of music.

4. I…..tired when I came home.

5. The bed was very comfortable so they…..very well.

6. Jamie passed the exam because he…..very hard.

7. My father…..the teenagers to drive when he was alive.

8. Dave…..to make a fire but there was no wood.

9. The little boy…..hours in his room making his toys.

1. went

2. cooked

3. wrote

4. was tired

5. slept

6. studied

7. taught

8. wante

9. spent

Exercise 5. Hoàn thành câu sau đúng dạng thì quá khứ đơn

0. and Mrs. James/ come back home/ and/ have/ lunch/ late/ last night?

Did Mr. and Mrs. James come back home and have lunch late last night?

1. It/ be/ cloudy/ yesterday.

2. In 1990/ we/ move/ to another city.

3. When/ you/ get/ the first gift?

4. She/ not/ go/ to the church/ five days ago.

5. How/ be/ he/ yesterday?

1. It was cloudy yesterday.

2. In 1990, we moved to another city./ We moved to another city in 1990.

3. When did you get the first gift?

4. She did not go to the church five days ago./ She didn’t go to the church five days ago.

5. How was he yesterday?

Exercise 6. Complete the paragraph with the past simple

It 0. happened (happen) two years ago when I was skiing in Austria. It was a horrible day because it … (1. snow) and I … (2. can’t see) anything.
I … (3. not want) to ski but my friend said, “Come on. This is our last day. We must go.” So I went. I didn’t in conditions like that before so when my friends …
(4. decide) to go right up to the top of the mountain, I … (5. not join) them. After about half an hour by myself , I … (6. stop)
because I was cold and wet. I … (7. get) into the cable car to go down to the village and my wonderful warm hotel when I … (8. slip) on some ice.
I fell, and my skis fell on top of me. I … (9. hear) a terrible noise and knew something bad happened. My leg (10. be) broken. What a way of ending a holiday!

1. snowed

2. couldn’t see

3. didn’t want

4. decided

5. didn’t join

6. stopped

7. got

8. slipped

9. heard

10. was

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Use the past simple tense to complete the sentences.

1. I _____ at home all weekend. (stay)

2. Angela ______ to the cinema last night. (go)

3. My friends ______ a great time in Nha Trang last year. (have)

4. My vacation in Hue ______ wonderful. (be)

5. Last summer I _____ Ngoc Son Temple in Ha Noi. (visit)

6. My parents _____ very tired after the trip. ( be)

7. I _____ a lot of gifts for my little sister. (buy)

8. Lan and Mai _______ sharks, dolphins and turtles at Tri Nguyen aquarium.(see)

9. Trung _____ chicken and rice for dinner. (eat)

10. They ____ about their holiday in Hoi An. (talk)

11. Phuong _____ to Hanoi yesterday. (return)

12. We _____ the food was delicious.(think)

13. Yesterday, I (go) ______ to the restaurant with a client.

14. We (drive) ______ around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking space.

15. When we (arrive) ______ at the restaurant, the place (be) ______ full.

16. The waitress (ask) ______ us if we (have) ______ reservations.

17. I (say) ______, “No, my secretary forgets to make them.” said

18. The waitress (tell)______ us to come back in two hours. told

19. My client and I slowly (walk) ______ back to the car.

20. Then we (see) ______ a small grocery store.

21. We (stop) _____ in the grocery store and (buy) ______ some sandwiches.

22. That (be) ______ better than waiting for two hours.

23. I (not go) ______ to school last Sunday.

24. She (get) ______ married last year? got

25. What _____ you (do) ______ last night? – I (do) ______ my homework.

26. I (love) ______ him but no more.

27. Yesterday, I (get) ______ up at 6 and (have) ______ breakfast at 6.30.

28. They (buy) ______ that house last year.

29. She (not go) ______ to school yesterday.

30. That boy (have) ______ some eggs last night.

Đáp án:

1. stayed

11. returned

21. stopped

2. went

12. drank

22. was

3. had

13. went

23. didn’t go

4. was

14. drove

24. got

5. visited

15. arrived

25. did you do – did

6. were

16. asked

26. loved

7. bought

17. said

27. got – had

8. saw

18. told

28. bought

9. ate

19. walked

29. didn’t go

10. talked

20. saw

30. had

Exercise 2. Use the past simple tense to write the sentences.

1. I / go swimming / yesterday.

2. Mrs. Nhung / wash / the dishes.

3. my mother / go shopping / with / friends / in / park.

4. Lan / cook / chicken noodles / dinner.

5. Nam / I / study / hard / last weekend.

6. my father / play / golf / yesterday.

7. last night / Phong /listen / music / for two hours.

8. they / have / nice / weekend.

9. she / go / supermarket yesterday.

10. We / not go / school last week.

Đáp án:

1. I went swimming yesterday.

2. Mrs. Nhung washed the dishes.

3. My mother went shopping with her friends in the park.

4. Lan cooked chicken noodles for dinner.

5. Nam and I studied hard last weekend.

6. My father played golf yesterday.

7. Last night, Phong listened to music for two hours.

8. They had a nice weekend.

9. She went to the supermarket yesterday

10. We didn’t go to school last week.

Exercise 3. Choose the correct answer.

1. Did you (get up / got up) late this morning?

2. We (buyed / bought) some souvenirs from our holiday in Vietnam.

3. (Was / Were) your last birthday over six weeks ago?

4. Hoang (didn’t arrive / not arrived) in the evening.

5. (Was / Did) the Robinsons return to Hanoi by train?

6. Was Nguyet at the theater last night? – Yes , (she was / she did).

7. I don’t know where (was he / he was) last night.

Đáp án:

1. get up

2. bought

3. Was

4. didn’t arrive

5. Did

6. she was

7. he was

Exercise 4. Change the sentences into the negative form and question form.

1. They went to Nha Trang last month.

2. He played table tennis with his father.

3. Lan saw you in the park last week.

4. We were in the countryside last summer.

5. Mrs. Robinson bought a poster.

Đáp án:

1. They didn’t go to Nha Trang last month.

Did they go to Nha Trang last month?

2. He didn’t play table tennis with his father.

Did he play table tennis with his father?

3. Lan didn’t see you in the park last week.

Did Lan see you in the park last week?

4. We were not in the countryside last summer.

Were you in the countryside last summer?

5. Mrs. Robinson didn’t buy a poster.

Did Mrs. Robinson buy a poster?

Xem thêm các bài viết Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh cực hay với đầy đủ bài tập có đáp án chi tiết khác:

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